A variety of materials are used as supports, each with unique properties:
Alumina (Al₂O₃): Known for its high surface area and thermal stability. Silica (SiO₂): Offers high surface area and chemical inertness. Titania (TiO₂): Provides strong metal-support interaction and is used in oxidative processes. Carbon-based materials: Such as activated carbon and carbon nanotubes, known for their high surface area and electrical conductivity.