Free radical polymerization is a method of polymerizing monomers to form polymers through a chain reaction mechanism involving free radicals. It is widely used to produce a variety of polymers such as polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The process is initiated by free radicals generated from initiators, which then propagate the polymer chain by reacting with monomers.