Biogas upgrading refers to the process of purifying raw biogas to produce biomethane, a high-quality renewable gas that can be used as a substitute for natural gas. Raw biogas typically contains a mixture of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor, and trace amounts of other gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). The upgrading process aims to increase the concentration of methane while removing impurities.