Several factors can influence SKIE in catalytic reactions: 1. Hybridization: Changes in the hybridization state of the atom undergoing isotopic substitution can lead to SKIE. For instance, a change from sp3 to sp2 hybridization can cause a notable isotope effect. 2. Bond Angle Changes: Alterations in bond angles due to isotopic substitution can affect the overall reaction rate. 3. Vibrational Frequencies: Isotopic substitution affects the vibrational frequencies of a molecule, which can influence the transition state and thus the reaction rate.
