1. Temperature: Higher temperatures can increase reaction rates but may also lead to catalyst deactivation. 2. Pressure: Especially in gas-phase reactions, pressure can affect the rate and equilibrium of the reaction. 3. Reactant Concentrations: The ratio of reactants can alter the reaction pathway and selectivity. 4. Catalyst Properties: Surface area, pore size, and the presence of active sites are critical. 5. Mass Transfer: Efficient transport of reactants and products to and from the catalyst surface is essential.
