Despite its potential, sustainable catalysis faces several challenges. Developing catalysts that are both highly active and selective can be difficult, as these properties often trade off against each other. Additionally, many catalysts contain rare or toxic materials, posing sustainability and environmental issues. Research is ongoing to discover new catalyst materials that are abundant, non-toxic, and efficient. Another challenge is the scalability of laboratory-developed catalytic processes to industrial levels, which requires overcoming technical and economic barriers.
