Several challenges exist in the field of catalysis, including: - Deactivation: Over time, catalysts can lose their activity due to poisoning, sintering, or coking. Engineers must develop methods to regenerate or replace catalysts effectively. - Selectivity: Achieving high selectivity for the desired product while minimizing by-products remains a significant challenge. - Scalability: Translating laboratory-scale catalytic processes to industrial-scale operations requires careful consideration of factors such as heat and mass transfer, pressure, and temperature.
