Several factors can lead to the formation of temperature gradients in catalytic reactors:
1. Exothermic or Endothermic Reactions: Exothermic reactions release heat, causing local temperature rises, while endothermic reactions absorb heat, leading to cooler regions.
2. Poor Mixing: Inadequate mixing of reactants can lead to uneven heat distribution.
3. Heat Transfer Limitations: Inefficient heat transfer to or from the reactor walls can create temperature differentials.
4. Scale of Operation: Larger reactors are more prone to temperature gradients due to the greater distance over which heat must be transferred.
