Several factors can lead to monetary damages in catalysis:
- Catalyst Deactivation: Over time, catalysts can lose their activity due to poisoning, sintering, or fouling. This results in lower reaction rates and reduced product yields.
- Suboptimal Reaction Conditions: Incorrect temperature, pressure, or reactant concentrations can negatively impact catalytic efficiency, leading to lower conversion rates and higher energy consumption.
- Equipment Malfunctions: Failures in reactors, heat exchangers, and other equipment can cause unexpected shutdowns, leading to production losses and repair costs.
- Feedstock Impurities: Contaminants in the feedstock can poison the catalyst or cause undesirable side reactions, reducing the process efficiency and increasing purification costs.
