Several factors can lead to low ionic conductivity:
1. Material Composition: Some materials naturally have lower ionic conductivity due to their crystal structure, bonding characteristics, or lack of suitable pathways for ion transport. 2. Temperature: Ionic conductivity generally increases with temperature. At lower temperatures, ionic mobility decreases, leading to reduced conductivity. 3. Impurities and Defects: The presence of impurities or structural defects can impede ion movement, reducing overall conductivity. 4. Phase Transitions: Changes in phase, such as from solid to liquid, can affect ionic transport pathways and thus conductivity.
