- Mechanical Stress: Catalyst particles often undergo mechanical stress due to mixing, pumping, and fluid flow within reactors. The impact and shear forces can break down particles, especially if they possess weak structural integrity. - Thermal Cycling: Repeated heating and cooling cycles can cause thermal stress, leading to cracks and fragmentation of catalyst particles. - Chemical Attack: Aggressive reactants or products can chemically weaken the catalyst structure, making it more susceptible to physical breakdown. - Erosion and Abrasion: In fluidized bed reactors, catalyst particles collide with each other and reactor walls, causing wear and tear.
