- Homogeneous Catalysis: Involves catalysts in the same phase as the reactants, typically in a solution. Researchers in this area study reaction mechanisms and develop new catalysts for organic synthesis and industrial processes. - Heterogeneous Catalysis: Deals with catalysts in a different phase than the reactants, usually solid catalysts interacting with gaseous or liquid reactants. This field is vital for industrial processes like the Haber-Bosch process and catalytic converters. - Biocatalysis: Utilizes natural catalysts, such as enzymes, to perform chemical transformations. Researchers explore enzyme engineering and applications in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. - Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis: Involves catalysts activated by light or electrical energy. These areas are important for renewable energy technologies, such as solar fuel production and fuel cells.
