Catalytic materials can be broadly classified into several categories:
1. Heterogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts exist in a different phase than the reactants and are often used in solid form. Examples include zeolites, metal oxides, and supported metals. 2. Homogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, typically in a liquid state. Common examples are transition metal complexes and organometallic compounds. 3. Biocatalysts: These are natural catalysts, such as enzymes, which facilitate biochemical reactions under mild conditions.
