Catalysts can be broadly categorized into homogeneous, heterogeneous, and biocatalysts.
- Homogeneous Catalysts: These catalysts are in the same phase as the reactants, usually a liquid. They are often easier to control but can be expensive to separate from the products. - Heterogeneous Catalysts: These are in a different phase than the reactants, typically solid catalysts in a liquid or gas reaction. They are easier to separate and reuse but may involve complex manufacturing processes. - Biocatalysts: These include enzymes and other biological molecules. While they can be highly specific and efficient, they are often sensitive to conditions and can be costly to produce and purify.
