Recovery aims to restore the catalyst to its original state for reuse. Techniques include:
1. Calcination: Heating the catalyst at high temperatures in the presence of air to remove any adsorbed species or to regenerate the active sites.
2. Solvent Extraction: Using solvents to dissolve and separate the catalyst from the reaction mixture, often followed by evaporation to recover the catalyst.
3. Recrystallization: Common for solid catalysts, where the catalyst is dissolved and then recrystallized to obtain pure catalyst crystals.
4. Electrochemical Methods: Applying an electric current to recover catalysts, particularly useful for metal catalysts like platinum or palladium.
