Enhancing Reaction Rates: One of the main objectives is to increase the speed of chemical reactions, making processes more efficient. Improving Selectivity: Catalysts are designed to favor the formation of desired products while minimizing unwanted by-products. Reducing Energy Consumption: Catalysts can lower the activation energy needed for reactions, reducing the overall energy required. Environmental Sustainability: Developing green catalysts and processes that minimize environmental impact is a key goal. Economic Viability: Catalysts should be cost-effective, contributing to the economic feasibility of industrial processes.