What are the Methods to Study Electronic Excited States?
Several techniques are used to study electronic excited states in catalysts:
1. Spectroscopy: Techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and transient absorption spectroscopy are used to analyze the electronic states and transitions in catalysts. 2. Computational Methods: Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) are computational tools used to model and predict the behavior of excited states. 3. Photoelectrochemical Measurements: These experiments help in understanding the efficiency and dynamics of charge carriers under illumination.
