Enzyme catalysis involves several mechanisms, including:
Proximity and Orientation: Enzymes bring substrates into close proximity and correct orientation to facilitate the reaction. Induced Fit: The enzyme undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding, optimizing the interaction. Covalent Catalysis: The enzyme forms a temporary covalent bond with the substrate, stabilizing the transition state. Acid-Base Catalysis: Enzymes donate or accept protons to stabilize the transition state. Metal Ion Catalysis: Metal ions in the enzyme active site facilitate the reaction by stabilizing charges or participating in redox reactions.
