Catalytic antibodies utilize various mechanisms to accelerate chemical reactions. These mechanisms often mimic those used by natural enzymes and include: - Transition State Stabilization: The antibody binds more tightly to the transition state than to the substrate or product, lowering the activation energy. - Proximity and Orientation Effects: The antibody brings reactive groups into close proximity and correct orientation, facilitating the reaction. - General Acid-Base Catalysis: The antibody provides acidic or basic groups that donate or accept protons during the reaction. - Covalent Catalysis: The antibody forms a temporary covalent bond with the substrate, stabilizing the transition state.
