The mechanisms by which catalytic antimicrobial coatings work can vary:
1. Generation of ROS: Photocatalysts produce reactive oxygen species that can damage microbial cell components, including lipids, proteins, and DNA. 2. Release of Ions: Metal nanoparticles can release ions that penetrate microbial cells and disrupt essential biochemical processes. 3. Enzymatic Action: Enzymes in the coating can degrade structural components of microorganisms, leading to cell lysis.
