Most C-C coupling reactions follow a similar mechanistic pathway involving oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination steps. For instance, in a typical Suzuki Coupling reaction:
Oxidative Addition: The palladium catalyst inserts into the carbon-halide bond of the aryl halide, forming a Pd(II) complex. Transmetalation: The aryl group from the boronic acid is transferred to the palladium complex, replacing the halide. Reductive Elimination: The two aryl groups on the palladium center couple to form the biaryl product, regenerating the Pd(0) catalyst.
