1. Chemical Exposure: Catalytic processes frequently use toxic and corrosive chemicals. Proper handling and storage are essential to prevent exposure. 2. Thermal Hazards: High-temperature reactions can result in burns or thermal decomposition of materials, possibly leading to explosions. 3. Pressure Risks: Many catalytic reactions occur under elevated pressures, posing risks of equipment failure or explosion. 4. Mechanical Hazards: Moving parts in reactors and auxiliary equipment can cause injuries if not properly safeguarded.