The antimicrobial action of catalytic surfaces can be attributed to several mechanisms: - Generation of ROS: Photocatalysts produce ROS that damage microbial DNA, proteins, and lipids. - Release of Metal Ions: Metal catalysts release ions that can disrupt microbial cell membranes and interfere with cellular functions. - Surface Interaction: The physical properties of the surface, such as roughness and hydrophobicity, can also influence microbial adhesion and survival.
