Particle Size The size of nanoparticles is a critical factor in determining their catalytic activity. Smaller particles generally have a higher surface area, which can enhance their catalytic properties. However, extremely small particles may lead to issues such as agglomeration and instability.
Particle Shape The shape of nanoparticles can influence the distribution and types of active sites available for catalysis. For example, nanorods and nanocubes may exhibit different catalytic behaviors due to their distinct surface facets.
Surface Functionalization Functionalizing the surface of nanoparticles with specific ligands or coatings can improve their stability, selectivity, and overall catalytic performance. Surface functionalization can also prevent agglomeration and enhance dispersibility in reaction media.
Support Materials The use of support materials can significantly impact the effectiveness of nanoparticle catalysts. Supports like silica, alumina, and carbon can provide structural stability and enhance the dispersion of nanoparticles, thereby improving their catalytic efficiency.
