The gut microbiota produce a variety of enzymes such as amylases, proteases, lipases, and cellulases. Each of these enzymes is specialized for breaking down different types of macromolecules. For instance, amylases catalyze the conversion of starch into sugars, while proteases break down proteins into amino acids. These enzymes not only help in digestion but also in synthesizing essential vitamins like B12 and K.
