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What Are the Essential Tools and Techniques?

The research in catalysis involves a variety of tools and techniques, including:
- Spectroscopic Methods: Techniques such as NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, and XPS are essential for characterizing catalysts.
- Microscopy: High-resolution TEM and SEM provide detailed images of catalyst structures.
- Computational Methods: DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations help in understanding catalytic mechanisms and predicting catalyst behavior.
- Kinetic Studies: These studies are crucial for understanding the reaction rates and mechanisms.

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