Studying active sites presents several challenges, including: - Complexity of real-world catalysts: Industrial catalysts often have heterogeneous and dynamic surfaces, making it difficult to isolate and study individual active sites. - In situ characterization: Observing active sites under actual reaction conditions is challenging but necessary for understanding their true behavior. - Scalability: Translating findings from model catalysts to industrial-scale processes requires careful consideration of scalability and reproducibility.
