Despite its advantages, multi-step catalysis presents several challenges:
Complexity of Mechanisms: Understanding and optimizing multi-step mechanisms can be complex due to the involvement of various intermediates and transition states. Stability of Intermediates: Some intermediates may be unstable, leading to side reactions and reduced yields. Separation of Products: The separation of desired products from intermediates and catalysts can be challenging, especially in homogeneous systems. Cost of Catalysts: Some catalysts, especially those involving precious metals, can be expensive and may require recycling or replacement.
