While sparsity offers many benefits, it also presents several challenges: - Stability: Sparse catalysts, particularly single-atom catalysts, can suffer from stability issues, as the active sites may migrate or agglomerate over time. - Scalability: Producing sparse catalysts at scale can be technologically challenging and may involve complex synthesis methods. - Characterization: Advanced analytical techniques are required to accurately characterize sparse catalysts and understand their behavior at the atomic level.
