FELs have several applications in catalysis, including:
Spectroscopy: FELs enable advanced spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) to study the electronic structure and chemical environment of catalysts. Imaging: FELs can be used for high-resolution imaging techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to visualize the structural changes in catalysts during reactions. Ultrafast dynamics: The femtosecond and attosecond pulses of FELs allow for the observation of ultrafast processes, providing insights into reaction dynamics and energy transfer mechanisms in catalytic systems.
