bonding

What Are Some Techniques to Study Bonding in Catalysis?

Several techniques are employed to study bonding interactions in catalysis:
1. Spectroscopy: Techniques like Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) provide insights into the nature of chemical bonds formed during catalysis.
2. Microscopy: Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) can reveal the surface structure and bonding at the atomic level.
3. Computational Methods: Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations help predict and visualize bonding interactions in catalytic systems.

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