catalyst structure

What Are Some Techniques to Characterize Catalyst Structure?

Several analytical techniques are used to characterize the structure of catalysts. These include:
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the crystallographic structure.
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize the morphology at the nanoscale.
- Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis to measure surface area.
- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups.
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the local environment of atoms within the catalyst.

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