What are Some Key Reactions Involving Carbonyl Groups in Catalysis?
Hydroformylation: This process involves the addition of a formyl group (CHO) and a hydrogen atom to an alkene, facilitated by transition metal catalysts like rhodium or cobalt. The resulting aldehydes are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of alcohols and acids. Reductive Amination: This reaction forms amines by the nucleophilic addition of an amine to a carbonyl group, followed by reduction. Catalysts like lithium aluminum hydride or platinum catalysts can be used. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: This process converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen into hydrocarbons. Iron or cobalt catalysts are typically employed, with carbonyl groups acting as intermediates in the formation of longer carbon chains. Aldol Reaction: This is a fundamental carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction where an enolate ion reacts with a carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxy ketone or aldehyde. Catalysts can include both base and acid catalysts, as well as organocatalysts.
