Several small molecules are commonly activated in catalytic processes:
- Hydrogen (H2): Activation of hydrogen is crucial in hydrogenation reactions, where it is added to unsaturated organic compounds. Metal catalysts like palladium, platinum, and nickel are often used. - Oxygen (O2): Activation of oxygen is essential in oxidation reactions. Catalysts such as transition metal oxides and complexes are typically employed. - Nitrogen (N2): The activation of nitrogen is a key step in the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis. Iron-based catalysts are commonly used. - Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Activation of CO2 is important for carbon capture and utilization. Various metal-organic frameworks and homogeneous catalysts are being explored for this purpose.
