- Zeolites: The catalytic activity of zeolites in acid-catalyzed reactions is highly dependent on their pore structure and the nature of their acid sites. - Metal Nanoparticles: The size and shape of metal nanoparticles can dramatically influence their catalytic properties in reactions like hydrogenation and oxidation. - Enzyme Catalysis: The three-dimensional structure of enzymes, including the active site geometry, determines their specificity and efficiency in biochemical reactions.