Recent advancements in catalysis have introduced several sophisticated techniques: 1. Nanocatalysis: Utilizes nanoparticles to enhance catalytic activity and selectivity due to their high surface area and unique properties. 2. Electrocatalysis: Involves the use of catalysts in electrochemical processes, crucial for applications like fuel cells and electrolysis. 3. Photocatalysis: Employs catalysts that are activated by light to drive reactions, significant in environmental applications like water purification and solar energy conversion. 4. Biocatalysis: Leveraging genetically engineered enzymes to catalyze specific reactions with high precision and efficiency.
