Perovskite materials are a class of compounds that share the same crystal structure as the mineral calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO3). This structure is known as the perovskite structure and can be described by the general formula ABX3, where 'A' and 'B' are cations of different sizes, and 'X' is an anion that bonds to both. These materials are renowned for their versatility and have been extensively studied for various applications, including catalysis, due to their unique physical and chemical properties.