Several techniques are employed to separate catalysts from reaction mixtures:
Filtration: A simple and commonly used method for separating solid catalysts from liquid reactants and products. Centrifugation: This technique can be used for both solid and magnetic nanoparticle catalysts, providing a quick and efficient separation. Decantation: Useful for separating liquids from solids or immiscible liquid phases. Magnetic Separation: Highly effective for magnetic nanoparticle catalysts, allowing for rapid and non-invasive recovery.
