Several techniques are used to evaluate the stability of catalytic materials:
- Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA): Measures weight changes under controlled temperature to assess thermal stability. - X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Identifies structural changes in crystalline materials. - Electron Microscopy: Provides detailed images of surface morphology and particle size. - Chemical Analysis: Techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy can detect changes in chemical composition.
