1. Catalyst Design and Optimization To overcome physical and chemical restrictions, catalyst design and optimization are crucial. This involves selecting materials with high surface area, appropriate pore size, and high thermal and chemical stability. Advanced techniques such as nanostructuring and doping can enhance the properties of catalysts.
2. Reaction Condition Optimization Optimizing reaction conditions such as temperature, pressure, and concentration of reactants can help mitigate kinetic and mass transfer limitations. For example, increasing temperature can enhance reaction rates, but it should be done cautiously to avoid catalyst sintering.
3. Reactor Design The design of the catalytic reactor plays a significant role in overcoming mass transfer limitations. Employing advanced reactor designs such as fluidized bed reactors or microreactors can enhance mass transfer and improve overall catalytic performance.
