Product purity can be measured using various analytical techniques:
1. Chromatography: Techniques like HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) and GC (Gas Chromatography) are widely used to separate and quantify impurities. 2. Spectroscopy: Methods such as NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and MS (Mass Spectrometry) provide detailed information about the molecular structure and composition. 3. Titration: This chemical analysis method can quantify the amount of a particular substance in the product.
