Several techniques can be used to identify mass transfer limitations:
1. Thiele Modulus: This dimensionless number helps determine whether internal mass transfer limitations are significant. A high Thiele modulus indicates strong internal limitations. 2. Sherwood Number: This dimensionless number is useful for assessing external mass transfer limitations. 3. Experimental Methods: Techniques like varying the particle size or flow rate and observing changes in reaction rate can provide insights into mass transfer limitations.