To ensure effective reuse, the recovered catalyst must retain its catalytic activity and selectivity. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to assess the structural and chemical properties of the catalyst post-recovery. Regeneration processes, like thermal treatment or chemical reactivation, might be necessary to restore the catalyst's activity.
