deactivate

How to Detect Catalyst Deactivation?

Several analytical techniques can be employed to detect and study catalyst deactivation. These include:
Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD): Used to study the adsorption properties of a catalyst and detect any changes due to deactivation.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Helps in identifying structural changes in the catalyst material.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Provides detailed images of the catalyst surface to identify sintering or fouling.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): Analyzes the chemical bonds and functional groups on the catalyst surface.

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