1. Baseline Measurement: The catalyst is brought to a steady state under a constant set of conditions. 2. Perturbation: A sudden change is introduced, such as switching the feed gas composition or changing the temperature. 3. Data Collection: The system's response is monitored over time using techniques like mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, or gas chromatography. 4. Data Analysis: The transient data are analyzed to extract kinetic parameters and mechanistic information.
