The ER mechanism is studied using various experimental and theoretical techniques: - Surface Science Techniques: Methods like Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and Infrared Spectroscopy help in understanding the adsorption characteristics. - Computational Modeling: Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the reaction pathways and energetics. - Kinetic Studies: Experimental kinetic studies help in distinguishing between different catalytic mechanisms by analyzing reaction rates and dependencies on reactant concentrations.