Identifying the active component often involves a combination of experimental techniques and theoretical studies. Spectroscopic methods like X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR) can provide important information about the chemical state and environment of the active component. Additionally, computational methods such as density functional theory (DFT) can help to predict and understand the activity of various components at the molecular level.
