complexity of structure

How is Structural Complexity Characterized?

Several advanced techniques are used to characterize the structural complexity of catalysts:
X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Provides information on the crystallographic structure.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Offers high-resolution images of the catalyst at the atomic level.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): Used for surface morphology analysis.
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): Gives insights into the electronic structure and elemental composition.
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Analysis: Measures surface area and porosity.

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