Stability is typically assessed through long-term testing under reaction conditions. Key metrics include:
Activity Retention: Monitoring the catalyst's activity over time to determine any decrease in performance. Structural Analysis: Techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy (EM) are used to observe changes in the catalyst's structure. Chemical Composition: Methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can detect changes in the chemical state of the catalyst.
