Site blockage can be detected using various analytical techniques:
1. Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD): This technique can identify adsorbed species on the catalyst surface. 2. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): XPS can provide information about the chemical state of the surface. 3. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): FTIR can detect specific functional groups adsorbed on the catalyst surface.
